$routes = [
    'user/profile'     => 'UserController@showProfile',
    'post/:id'         => 'PostController@view',
    'category/:name'   => 'CategoryController@list',
];

$path = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH);
$path = trim($path, '/');

foreach ($routes as $route => $handler) {
    // 转义斜杠，替换占位符为命名捕获
    $pattern = preg_replace('#/:([^/]+)#', '/(?P<$1>[^/]+)', $route);
    $pattern = '#^' . $pattern . '$#';

    if (preg_match($pattern, $path, $matches)) {
        // 提取参数，如 id => 123
        $params = [];
        foreach ($matches as $key => $value) {
            if (is_string($key)) {
                $params[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        // 跳出循环，执行对应逻辑
        list($controller, $method) = explode('@', $handler);
        break;
    }
}

$controllerClass = "App\Controllers\" . $controller;
if (class_exists($controllerClass)) {
    $controllerInstance = new $controllerClass();
    if (method_exists($controllerInstance, $method)) {
        call_user_func_array([$controllerInstance, $method], $params);
    } else {
        http_response_code(404);
        echo "Method not found.";
    }
} else {
    http_response_code(404);
    echo "Controller not found.";
}